In English, the name is officially spelled Uyghur by the Xinjiang government but also appears as Uighur, Uigur and Uygur. In Chinese, this is transcribed into characters as 维吾尔 / 維吾爾, which is romanized in pinyin as Wéiwú'ěr. In the Uyghur language, the ethnonym is written ئۇيغۇر in Arabic script, Уйғур in Uyghur Cyrillic and Uyghur or Uygur (as the standard Chinese romanization, GB 3304-1991) in Latin they are all pronounced as. 4.3 Uyghur kingdoms (9th–11th centuries).4.2 Uyghur Khaganate (8th–9th centuries).Scholars estimate that at least one million Uyghurs have been arbitrarily detained in the Xinjiang internment camps since 2017 Chinese government officials say that these camps, created under CCP general secretary Xi Jinping's administration, serve the goals of ensuring adherence to Chinese Communist Party (CCP) ideology, preventing separatism, fighting terrorism, and providing vocational training to Uyghurs.
Since 2014, the Chinese government has subjected Uyghurs living in Xinjiang to widespread abuses that include forced sterilization and forced labor.
Smaller communities live in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Australia, Russia and Sweden. Significant diasporic communities of Uyghurs exist in other Turkic countries such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. The largest community of Uyghurs living in another region of China are the Uyghurs living in Taoyuan County, in north-central Hunan. The rest of Xinjiang's Uyghurs mostly live in Ürümqi, the capital city of Xinjiang UAR, which is located in the historical region of Dzungaria. Islam has since played an important role in Uyghur culture and identity.Īn estimated 80% of Xinjiang's Uyghurs still live in the Tarim Basin. The Uyghurs gradually started to become Islamized in the 10th century and most Uyghurs identified as Muslims by the 16th century. These oases have historically existed as independent states or were controlled by many civilizations including China, the Mongols, the Tibetans and various Turkic polities. The Uyghurs have traditionally inhabited a series of oases scattered across the Taklamakan Desert within the Tarim Basin. The Uyghurs are recognized by the Chinese government as a regional minority and the titular people of Xinjiang. They are one of China's 55 officially recognized ethnic minorities. The Uyghurs are recognized as native to the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwest China. The Uyghurs ( / ˈ w iː ɡ ʊər z/ WEE-goorz or / uː i ˈ ɡ ʊər z/ ), alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uyghers, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia. Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined letters or other symbols instead of Uyghur script.
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